Same Sex Marriage Should Be Opposed - 1246 Words

For many years, marriage has always been a covenant between a man and a woman which is a nature ordered and a social norm. A family is created by a lawful marriage of a man and a woman which leads to the procreation and education of their children. However, calling something marriage does not make it marriage is a big issue that needs to be discussed in this topic today: Same sex marriage. In facts, there are still two different opposite perspectives between the supporters and the protesters. Recently, there is an article called: â€Å"10 Reasons Why Homosexual â€Å"Marriage† is Harmful and must be Opposed† from the TFP Student Action claimed that homosexual marriage should be opposed. First, what are the other factors that made the couples want†¦show more content†¦Same-sex marriage is currently one of the most divisive political issues because it is a key to the pursuit of happiness, something people aspire to. â€Å"All men are created equal† which was mentioned in the U.S Declaration of Independence gives out the idea that everybody should have to right to achieve their happiness. In â€Å"The reasons to support gay marriage†, this media starting fighting base on the survey of the last couple years about the shifting attitudes about the issue of marriages between gay couples in which 8 in 10 say that gays can parent as well as straight people (2014). And this went up from just below 5 in 10 in a same survey in 1996 (Newsweek). So , should the same-sex couple have the right to marry the one they love? Yes, they should! But, it is just a philosophy statement. By laws in some countries, it is a right for same-sex couples to get married, to marry and live legally with their partners. In the opposite site, TFP Student Action proposed the partnership in â€Å"marriage† between two men or two women. This media believed that with the same-sex marriage would deny the three self-evidents: biological, physiological, and psychological differences between men and women. Moreover, it would go against the primary purpose of marriage which are the human race’s perpetuation and the raising of their future children. Under any

QHT1 Task 4 Johnloyd 123114 Essay - 1449 Words

John Loyd Student ID 000329013 QHT1 Task 4 Communication is one of the most important parts of any relationship. Business relationships are no different. Having effective business communication or not having effective business communication can positively or negatively impact the success of an entire organization. Unfortunately, there are many barriers that can obstruct effective business communication. Those barriers come in four different categories. Those categories are personal barriers, physical barriers, sematic barriers and process barriers. A manager must know how to work around the communication barriers and use his or her communication skills to keep business operations going smoothly and to make improvements to the†¦show more content†¦While choosing the wrong medium to convey a message can be detrimental to the receiver’s ability to understand the message, geographical distance can also cause the information to be gabled. Lag times in the initial communication and feedback from that communic ation can cause misunderstandings. If the information does not get fully conveyed or gets conveyed too late because of long distances, it becomes useless. The best way to avoid miscommunication due to geographical barriers is to use the best method of communication for distances. With modern technology, video conferences and other electronic tools can keep information from becoming delayed and distorted. Inappropriate use of communication tools and geographical distance can be easily circumvented with modern technology. However, one physical communication barrier that is harder to avoid is noise disruptions. The world is a noisy place and sometimes noise can make it hard to understand what is being said. While often modern technology can help eliminate noise barriers, sometimes noise barriers cannot be helped. The best way to combat this issue is to acknowledge that noise barriers exist and to make sure that information is understood when that circumstance transpires. Semantic Barriers: Semantics are often dismissed as unimportant. However, when it comes to effectively communicating meaning, semantics are vital. When the sender of information uses the wrong words to convey their message, the

Dramatic Irony in the Odyssey free essay sample

Authors use many literary devices in order to heighten and enhance their works. Dramatic irony, expressions to complementary attitudes understood by the audience but not the characters, can make the emotions stronger in literature. Homer is one of many authors who used this technique well. In The Odyssey, Homer uses dramatic irony in order to enhance the emotional effect of crucial moments in the storyline, especially during the journey of Telemachus, the initial return of Odysseus, and the restoration of Odysseus to his rightful place in the kingdom. During Telemachus’ journey to find his father, Homer includes dramatic irony through Athena’s relationship to the situation which creates a confused mood. After being prompted by Athena, who knew that Odysseus was trapped on Calypso’s island, Telemachus says, â€Å"For I am off to Sparta to see if I can find news of my father† (30). Shortly after Athena sends Telemachus on a journey, she gains permission to get Odysseus freed from captation on the island. The confusing mood is created through the dramatic irony of both father and son leaving to go towards each other when neither of them knows the other has left to find the other. The reader questions why Athena, whom Homer is using in this scene to create dramatic irony, would not tell Telemachus that his father is getting freed or even that he is on Calypso’s island. Instead, she sends him to Sparta to find out information about his father from Menelaus. Dramatic irony arises when Telemachus believes that his father may no longer be alive but wants to find out more. It is never even hinted at, to Telemachus, by Athena that he is alive and that he will soon return soon. Telemachus does not realize the irony that to the readers is easily visible. The reader knows of Odysseus’ existence on Calypso’s island and soon finds out that he will begin his journey back home. The confused mood creates a conflict for the character to solve by having the reader wonder why Athena wanted these events to happen in this particular way. The conflict keeps the reader interested and since the original story was told orally, interest is very important for Homer to maintain. Dramatic irony also emphasizes a dolent mood during the return of Telemachus from his journey. When Odysseus returns home to Ithaca, Athena goes to Telemachus to retrieve him from Sparta. Athena says, â€Å"You must take leave of Menelaos, if you want to find your dear mother still in your house; for her father and brothers are urging her to marry Eurymachos† (169). Athena tells Telemachus that his mother is going to marry Eurymachos. Athena does this as if she is fishing and the story about Telemachus’ mother is the bait; Telemachus is very intrigued by the bait and goes after it, falling into Athena’s well-thought out trap. The reader knows that the reason Athena wants Telemachus to come back is because Odysseus is soon arriving in Ithaca; therefore, dramatic irony is created when Telemachus is never let in on this information that the reader now knows. Homer uses Athena to create dramatic irony to get Telemachus to rush home to stop the marriage, because if Telemachus was told the truth he might not be a eager to get home, since his father had been away for so much of his life. Homer wanted the audience to know more so that they were not confused about Telemachus’ mother getting married for it was a lie. This created a dolent mood because the reader realizes the absence of truth in Athena’s message. The lack of truths make the reader feel sorrowful that Telemachus does not know the truth but he or she does. If Telemachus knew the truth the situation would have unfolded differently as he may have wanted to stay in Sparta longer. After all, he was upset at his father after his absence in his childhood and wished that he would have came home much sooner. Telemachus is involved in dramatic irony once again when he first reunites with his father who has been turned into a beggar. Odysseus had been turned into a beggar by Athena in order to protect his identity from everyone he met until the time was right. As Telemachus first enters the room where Odysseus and Eumaios, who Telemachus calls â€Å"Daddy,† are located, Odysseus tries to give up his seat to his deserving son. Telemachus says, â€Å"Stay where you are, stranger, we can find another seat in our hut† (182). Telemachus shows his kind personality to the beggar as well as the status quo of the inhabitants of Ithaca. Telemachus then says to Eumiaos, â€Å"Daddy, where does this stranger come from? † (182). In this scene, Odysseus, as well as the reader, understands that Odysseus is talking to his son. Telemachus, however, thinks he is talking merely to a beggar. Through Telemachus’ incognizance, dramatic irony is created in the reconnection of father and son. Homer uses dramatic irony to create a remorseful mood. He wants Odysseus to have time to see what his kingdom is like before the citizens know that he has arrived. By staying in disguise, he can see the relationship that grew between the swineherd and Telemachus that would be hidden if either the swineherd or Telemachus knew it was Odysseus. Odysseus also sees the way beggars are not discriminated against, and instead, are supported by all of the citizens. The audience has to know that it is Odysseus because it shows the completion of his journey back to Ithaca. A remorseful mood is created because the reader sees that the father and son are so close to reuniting but are separated by a simple disguise. The reader wants the two to get back together, but Homer delays the occurrence intentionally to create dramatic irony between the two characters. Dramatic irony creates an insightful mood when Odysseus uses his appearance as a beggar to learn about the suitors during his restoration to his rightful place in the kingdom. After Eumaios brings the beggar Odysseus to the dining hall, Odysseus is instructed to beg for food from each of the suitors. By doing this, he will gain valuable information about the true gentlemen and the cads. The reader, as well as Telemachus, knows that the beggar is Odysseus, but the suitors are still ignorant to who he really is. While begging, Odysseus comes to Antinoos, who says to Eumaios, â€Å"What made you bring this fellow to town? Haven’t we vagrants enough and beggars enough, confound them, a perfect nuisance at dinner-time? † (198). Odysseus is still in disguise so that he can take in knowledge of the suitors just as Athena had whispered to him. Homer wants the reader to know that it is Odysseus so that the reader can take in the same opinions as Odysseus. He wants to keep the suitors blind to who the beggar is so that Odysseus can understand who is nice to the beggars. This gives Odysseus a general idea on the suitors that will be more easily dealt with. If Odysseus had come into the palace as himself, many of the suitors may have tried to attack him because they wanted his wife to marry them. Others may have crowded him to ask him questions about his positions in the war and his journey back which would prevent him from gaining the required intel on the suitors to be able to defeat them. The insightful mood brought on by the dramatic irony is caused by the reader being able to learn about the suitors in the same way Odysseus does. Throughout the book, there are few ample descriptions for the reader to accurately depict the trouble causing suitors. Now, through Odysseus’ guidance, the reader knows much more about the suitors than he or she did previously. Dramatic irony aided the reader in becoming emotionally involved it the story. The Odyssey brought many strongly emotional scenes, but the best of them all involved dramatic irony. Dramatic irony drew the reader closer to the book and kept him or her knowledgeable at all times necessary. Other works of literature are also created more fluently when dramatic irony is added. The enhanced emotional effects created by dramatic irony are imperative to writing a short story or writing a novel.

king Essays - Provinces Of The Philippines, Isabela, Echague

KING EDMAR D. LORENZO Ambatali Ramon , Isabela 09352012144 OBJECTIVES To enhance my skills and my abilities To develop the industry-desired values of positive work attitude, good human relations and competency in my field of specialization. ____________________________________________________ PERSONAL INFORMATION Age: 24 Birth D ate: April 04 , 2001 Birth P lace: Ambatli , Ramon, Isabela Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Methodist Father's Name: Eddie C. Lorenzo Mother's Name: Marites D. Lorenzo ___________________________________________________ _ EDUCATION Tertiary Isabela State University Echague Main Campus Secondary Ramon National High School Oscariz , Ramon, Isabela Primary Cuayan East Central School Cauayan City , Isabela ____________________________________________________ AREA OF EXPERIENCE On the job training @ Ambatali Elementary School ____________________________________________________ SKILLS AND INTEREST Good relation to human skills Willing to work under pressure Willing to be trained to further enhance my skills for the improvement of my performance. Flexible, hardworking and independent. PERSONAL QUALITIES Honest Responsible Trustworthy Loyal Self-motivated Helpful CHARACTER REFERENCES Mrs. Thelma P. Ambatali Ambatali , Ramon, Isabela Principal III Mrs. Franielyn D. Miguel Burgos, Ramon, Isabela Teacher I I hereby attest that the above information is true and correct. Applicant KING EDMAR D. LORENZO Ambatali , Ramon Isabela 09352012144 March 2019 Rachel Ambatali Teacher II Ramon National High School Ma'am : Greetings of Peace and Love! It is a great pleasure that I am looking for a teaching position within your school. I believe that my instructional abilities, combined with my strong interpersonal skills and work ethics would greatly benefit your educational program. I am KING EDMAR D. LORENZO, 24 years of age, residence of Ambatali Ramon Isabela with the degree of Bachelor of Elementary Education, at Isabela State University. I would like to apply as a Primary teacher in your school. I believe that education is the key to success for young students. I am a licensed teacher and at present I continuously enhance and seek professional growth and development by enrolling Masteral Degree of Education. I believed that this accomplishment will enable me to teach and motivate students ascertaining their inner strength and abilities and discovering what truly inspires them. I aim to provide a stimulating learning environment that encourages students to trust their own opinions and fostering confidence to others for my students to realize their full potential. Thank you and more power! Very truly yours, KING EDMAR D. LORENZO Applicant

Free Essays on Rhetoric Of Richard II

In Act Two, Scene Three of Richard II, the audience gets a glimpse of Bolingbroke’s slow rise to power, which ultimately reaches its culmination when Richard II is deposed and he becomes king. As the characters followers realize the potential deposition of King Richard II, they begin to flatter Bolingbroke in hopes of rewards for their allegiance to him. Playwright William Shakespeare uses the pace and repetition of language in order to highlight comical exchanges of sycophancy used in dialogue with Bolingbroke. We shall see that Bolingbroke directly recognizes and expresses gratitude to Harry Percy, the only character that speaks honestly and without superficial compliments. The initial exchange between Bolingbroke and Northumberland at the beginning of the scene reveals Northumberland’s desire for acceptance and in hopes of acquiring money if Bolingbroke becomes king. The following presents Northumberland responding to Bolingbroke’s brief question with an answer along with an extensive, unnecessary speech of praise: BOLINGBROKE: How far is it, my lord to Berkeley now? NORTHUMBERLAND: Believe me, noble lord, I am a stranger here in Gloucestershire. These high wild hills and rough uneven ways Draws out our miles and makes them wearisome. And yet you fair discourse hath been as sugar, Making the hard way sweet and delectable. But I bethink me what a weary way From Ravenspurgh to Cotshall will be found In Ross and Willoughby, wanting your company, Which, I protest, hath very much beguiled The tediousness and process of my travel. But theirs is sweetened with the hope to have The present benefit which I possess, And hope to joy is little less in joy Than hope enjoyed. By this weary lords Shall make their way seem short as mine hath done By sight of what I have, your noble company. (II.iii.1-18) Notice the contrast between Bolingbroke’s question and Northumberland’s a... Free Essays on Rhetoric Of Richard II Free Essays on Rhetoric Of Richard II In Act Two, Scene Three of Richard II, the audience gets a glimpse of Bolingbroke’s slow rise to power, which ultimately reaches its culmination when Richard II is deposed and he becomes king. As the characters followers realize the potential deposition of King Richard II, they begin to flatter Bolingbroke in hopes of rewards for their allegiance to him. Playwright William Shakespeare uses the pace and repetition of language in order to highlight comical exchanges of sycophancy used in dialogue with Bolingbroke. We shall see that Bolingbroke directly recognizes and expresses gratitude to Harry Percy, the only character that speaks honestly and without superficial compliments. The initial exchange between Bolingbroke and Northumberland at the beginning of the scene reveals Northumberland’s desire for acceptance and in hopes of acquiring money if Bolingbroke becomes king. The following presents Northumberland responding to Bolingbroke’s brief question with an answer along with an extensive, unnecessary speech of praise: BOLINGBROKE: How far is it, my lord to Berkeley now? NORTHUMBERLAND: Believe me, noble lord, I am a stranger here in Gloucestershire. These high wild hills and rough uneven ways Draws out our miles and makes them wearisome. And yet you fair discourse hath been as sugar, Making the hard way sweet and delectable. But I bethink me what a weary way From Ravenspurgh to Cotshall will be found In Ross and Willoughby, wanting your company, Which, I protest, hath very much beguiled The tediousness and process of my travel. But theirs is sweetened with the hope to have The present benefit which I possess, And hope to joy is little less in joy Than hope enjoyed. By this weary lords Shall make their way seem short as mine hath done By sight of what I have, your noble company. (II.iii.1-18) Notice the contrast between Bolingbroke’s question and Northumberland’s a...

Top 7 Cliché Ideas You Should Avoid Including into Your Leadership Essay

Top 7 Clichà © Ideas You Should Avoid Including into Your Leadership Essay Top 7 Clichà © Ideas You Should Avoid Including into Your Leadership Essay Let’s face it: the majority of people hate clichà ©s. Yes, there are some individuals who like them because clichà ©s are their comfort zone. But we doubt that your professor whom you need to write an essay falls under this category. If you wish to avoid stereotypes notions, you need to avoid them not only in your style of writing but at the level of the topic as well. While writing a leadership essay, you need to come up with original ideas. We know it’s hard because this issue has been popular for at least 5000 years, but it’s not impossible. To help you with this â€Å"uphill struggle†, we’ve put down a list of top leadership clichà ©s that you should avoid at all costs. If you follow our advice, you will make your writing more interesting and profound! 1. ThÐ µre Are No Stupid QuÐ µstions Yes, there are. In fact, there are loads of them, and you perfectly understand that. If you want to write a good leadership essay, it’s better to promote the idea that a true leader has to identify and prevent stupid questions. If they still happen, it’s best to highlight and explain why they are silly (of course in the right manner). 2. The CustÐ ¾mer Is Ð lways Right If you have ever worked part-time in a customer support field, you’ll know that it’s not true. For a good leadership, it’s important sometimes to stand the ground of your employee in front of a client. 3. Give It Your Best Shot And what is this supposed to mean? Go and shoot something or somebody? A real leader must explain what expectations he/she has without scattering vague phrases. There are also other word combinations that fall into this category like â€Å"do your best†, â€Å"go above and beyond†, etc. 4. Don’t Bother Me until You Have a Solution This is another clichà © that makes people flinch when they hear something similar from their bosses. If a subordinate comes with a problem to the senior, the latter must sit and puzzle out the issue to understand whether there is a solution in the first place. 5. Think outside the Box And work outside the office. And eat outside the canteen. This is a threadbare motivational phrase that stopped inspiring people years ago. So, why do leaders still use it? 6. Appreciate Every Opinion Someone who is in charge should be able to see valuable opinions and mark them out for others to appreciate. It’s a skill that is hard to hone, and, besides, it’s always easier to say that a true leader must take into account all points of view. 7. Failure Is Not an Option Among many mottos of Jimmy Wales, the founder of Wikipedia, there is a phrase â€Å"Fail faster†. He has even a whole theory that failures lead to success and it doesn’t correspond with one of the main leadership clichà ©s. So, do you think you should mention it in your essay? Avoid these stereotypes to prevent your professor from doing a facepalm and add more interesting ideas that really work nowadays. We wish you good luck with that! At company you can pay for essay writing online. Our experts have great writing skills to handle your leadership assignment.

Boundary Line Placement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Boundary Line Placement - Assignment Example They purchased them and erected their structures. Each one of them tries to engulf their habitats and make their residential areas and environments as conducive as possible ( Adier 2001).. At that moment, there erupts a conflict on the line of separation between them calling for the need of the judiciary to intervene and save the innocent while prosecuting the guilty. The dispute came because of the railroads that Levy put to mark the boundary between him and the neighbors. He was oblivious of the exact location of the boundary but rather assumed that it was at a point within the vicinity of the cranberry garden that at first had bushes that dried. Marjory however believes that the cranberry garden marked the boundary between the families, as it was the common point shared by them (Adier 2000). Ms Tucker has also resided in there for a long time and the only transition that has taken place is that the plaintiffs were paved and this affected neither the location nor the size. The plaintiffs’ evidence is that apparently because of a dispute over whether the defendant’s tenant had farmed over the line and onto the plaintiffs’ lawn in an area north of the area in question, there was a falling out between the parties. As a result, the plaintiffs’ evidence is that in 2005, the defendant had the property surveyed and as a result, the surveyor put a stake in the pavement of the plaintiffs’ driveway( slossberg 2007). In deep consideration, the defendants never took part in any farming and they even do not reside within the area in question. I would therefore prefer to say that they be excluded from the case and the affected individuals to vindicate their truths. Again, they both seem innocent because they both purchased so it is the original owner who ought to have given them the true information; relating to the boundary ( Kiser 2011).. The boundary line between the two properties should follow the investigated and surveyed boundary line, which runs from

Sensory Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sensory Discrimination - Essay Example e has no sensory discrimination H1; Steve has sensory discrimination Method In this experiment, we utilize simple counts such as how many pieces of pizza were classified by the subject. The results were summarized in a 2 by 2 contingency table as shown below. The four numbers are a, b, c, and d, which are entered in the cells of the table according to the four categories. The total number of pieces of pizza which the subject can classify as Dominos Meatzza Feast or Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza is: n= a + b + c + d From the table below we see that a total of a + c pieces of pizza were guessed correctly while b + d pieces of pizza were guessed incorrectly. If the subject cannot distinguish between Dominos Meatzza Feast and Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza then a and c should be small. Conversely, if the subject can tell the difference between the two pizzas, we expect a and c to be about the same. (Weaver, 2008) Â   Guessed correctly Guessed incorrectly Total Dominos Meatzza Feast a b a + b Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza c d c + d Totals a + c b + d a + b + c + d (=n) According to Fisher the probability of obtaining the values base above is given by the hyper geometric distribution below: (Deborah, 2000) The p-value is calculated in such a way that the margins of the table are fixed and, therefore, the respondant will give guesses with correct numbers in each category of the table. This leads to a null hypothesis of independence to a hyper geometric distribution of the entries in the cells of the contingency table. When using the chi square in the analysis, the approximation is not enough when sample sizes are small or if the data is very unequally distributed in the cells of the table. Therefore the cell counts have been predicted to be low. (Agresti, 2001) In this... The p-value is calculated in such a way that the margins of the table are fixed and, therefore, the respondent will give guesses with correct numbers in each category of the table. This leads to a null hypothesis of independence to a hypergeometric distribution of the entries in the cells of the contingency table. When using the chi-square in the analysis, the approximation is not enough when sample sizes are small or if the data is very unequally distributed in the cells of the table. Therefore the cell counts have been predicted to be low.18 pieces of pizza were prepared--9 pieces of Dominos Meatzza Feast and 9 pieces of Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza. The pieces of pizza were presented to the respondent in a random order. The respondent’s task is to identify the 9 pieces of Dominos Meatzza Feast and the 9 pieces of Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza, and he is informed of the design.ParticipantsThe participant in this study was Steve David. He claims to be able to tel l the difference between Dominos Meatzza Feast and Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza since he runs a pizza store, and thus qualifies as an expert on the subject.The Fisher test is used with respect to the contingency table results. In this case, the test assesses what the expected frequencies will be if the null hypothesis is true. If there is no difference between Dominos Meatzza Feast and Pizza Hut Meat Lover’s pizza guesses, one would expect that Dominos Meatzza Feast would have been guessed correctly six times.

Teachings of Quran Essay Example for Free

Teachings of Quran Essay The Quran does not emphasize the invisible dimensions of existence (God, angels, jinn) at the expense of neglecting the visible (the natural world). In numerous instances, the Quran refers to natural aspects of this life as signs of God, calling mankind to ponder on natural phenomena such as the wind, rain, vegetation and alteration of the night and the day (Amir Abbas Zamani, 2001). Muslims believe in both a material and a supernatural world. Therefore, the Muslims use a great deal of astronomy, geometry and metaphysical concepts in architecture. The Quran says: â€Å"Such as remember Allah, standing, sitting and reclining, and consider the creation of the heavens and the earth, (and says): Our Lord! Though createst not this in vain (3:191) (Petruccioli, 2002). These structures carry body and soul. The body were designed using sacred geometry, and the soul were created with the help of light, ventilation, sound effects, landscape, color, texture and symbolism used in both the interior and exterior. â€Å"The first being created by God was light. † (Petruccioli, 2002) Islamic architecture makes full use of light and shade, and the heat and coolness of the wind and its aerodynamics, of water and its cooling effect, of the earth and its insulating features as well as properties of the elements. The Muslim’s firm believe in paradise is based on the teaching of the Quran, which says, â€Å"And those who believe and do good works such are rightful owners of the Garden. They will abide therein† (2:82) (Petruccioli 2002). The detailed description of the garden of paradise is given in Sura â€Å"the Beneficent† (55:46-78). Therefore, landscape features become an integral part of site planning and architecture. The buildings are set in the landscape deliberately so that one can find himself in an idealized paradise-like environment. The buildings not only humanize the landscape but stand there in all simplicity of form and witness the divine (Attilio Petruccioli, 2002). Truly, Islamic art is an expression of beauty, a demonstration of divinity and a treasure preserved through time; Allah’s gift not just to His beloved devotees but also to the world. Reference: Amir Abbas Zamani, S. S. (2001). What is Islam? : Alhoda UK. Attilio Petruccioli, K. P. (2002). Understanding Islamic Architecture: Routledge. Glasse, C. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam: Rowman Altamira. Grabar, O. (2006). Constructing the Study of Islamic Art: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Janin, H. (2005). The Pursuit of Learning In The Islamic World, 610-2003: McFarland and Company. Oweis, F. (2002). The Elements of Unity in Islamic Art as Examined Through the Work of Jamal Badran: Universal-Publishers. com. Penney, S. (1995). Islam: Harcourt Heinemann. Ulrik Volgsten, S. B. (2006). Music And Manipulation: On the Social Uses And Social Control of Music: Berghahn Books. Waines, D. (2003). An Introduction to Islam (second ed. ): Cambridge University Press.

Comparing Carbohydrate Requirements for the Atkins Diet and the Food Py

Comparing Carbohydrate Requirements for the Atkins Diet and the Food Pyramid Guide â€Å"Carbohydrates are an organic compound that serves as a major energy source for the body† (Dictionary.com). These carbohydrates convert to sugars that trigger insulin production, which our body needs for certain processes, and triggers fat storage (Health-Doc.com). According to the Institute of Medicine, adults should get 45 to 65 percent of their calories from carbohydrates. That is roughly seven servings based on a 2000 calorie diet. At least one of the two carbohydrate diet plans states something different. The Atkins diet requires a limited amount of carbohydrates for consumption while the Food Pyramid Guide developed by USDA and supported by the Department of Health and Human Services allows for many more servings. The Atkins diet requires that in the first two weeks of the diet you eat no more than twenty grams of carbohydrates a day. Twenty grams of carbohydrates a day is the equivalent of one slice of bread or one serving of carbohydrates a day. Afte...

Ensure Justice and Equity Essay

On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society. â€â€"Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime will reconsider committing this act in the first place. â€â€"This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed. â€â€"If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.

Capsim Report

I. Executive Summary Erie Corporation has been founded in 2011 with the mission is to provide both reliable products for low-technology customers including Traditional and Low End segments; and premium- technology oriented customers including High End, Performance and Size segments. This business plan is written so as to provide the board of directors a detailed picture about the company’s strategies as well as the direction how we can implement these strategies. The plan consists of three parts. The first part is about the corporate objectives and strategy. In detail, at the end of year three, Erie aims to be one of the two leading companies in the market with a net profit of $10,000,000 and 25% of market shares of the whole industry. In addition, the company’s management expects to gain at least 30% of contribution margin for each product, to reduce 60% to 70% of total labor costs and 11. 8% of total material costs. Erie’s strategies are niche cost leadership and niche differentiation. In particular, while products in Traditional and Low End are oriented to operate under the niche cost leader, products in three remaining segments including High End, Performance and Size are aimed to follow the niche differentiator strategy. This is because while price is the most considerable criterion of customers in Traditional and Low End segments, this does not matter to the other three segments’ consumers as long as the products offered are premium-technology. To implement this strategy effectively, Erie should operate under the direction like this, besides revising products to meet customers’ expectation; the company set up a relatively low price for products in Traditional and Low End segments and vice versa for products in the three remaining segments. Simultaneously, the company will invest on capacity and automation gradually for all segments. This will bring to Erie a competitive advantage over other competitors in terms of long-term cost savings. In addition, maximum second shift capacity may be run as much as possible and a significant amount of money will also be spent on promotion and sales budgets so as to capture the highest possible percentage of market shares. Furthermore, Erie is willing to make losses at least in the first two years because in the remaining years of the simulation, when higher capacity and automation are ready as well as Human Resources and Total Quality Management functions are applied, Erie will become more competitive in the market and hence can make profit as the production costs will be minimized. Secondly, specific objectives, key performance indicators and strategy which are followed strictly the corporate objectives of all departments including R&D, Marketing, Production, Human Resources and Total Quality Management will be also set out. Finally, a back-up plan which might be utilized when there is trouble in the operation of the company’s products is also prepared. Under this plan, the failed product will be remained for two years instead of stopping its operation immediately so as to sell its remaining inventory and wait for the new product to be finished and could be sold to the market. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 4 Corporation Objectives & Strategies 4 1. Corporation Objectives 4 2. Corporation Strategies. 4 R&D Department 5 1. Objectives 5 2. KPIs. 5 3. Strategies. 5 Marketing Department 6 1. Objectives 6 2. KPIs. 6 3. Strategies. 7 Production Department 8 1. Objectives 8 2. KPIs & Strategies. 8 3. Strategies. 9 Human Resource Department 10 1. Objectives 10 2. KPIs & Strategies. 10 TQM Department 11 1. Objectives 11 2. KPIs & Strategies. 11 Finance Department 12 1. Objectives 12 2. KPIs & Strategies. 2 3. Strategies. 12 Back-up Plan 13 Conclusion 14 Reference 14 Appendix 15 II. Introduction Sensor industry is more likely an oligopoly because the products are high technological including cameras, biometric devices and labs-on-a-chip. In addition, there are only six firms dominating the market and the total demand for the whole industry remains stable which means that new firms cannot enter into the market. Furthermore, year after year, while customers’ expectations are becoming higher and higher, the products are getting older and price ranges are stricter. This indicates such a challenge for all companies in the market. A critical successful factor which can assist all companies to overcome this difficulty is that each company should choose an appropriate strategy to follow so as to succeed and become more competitive in the market. Recognizing this fact, Erie has chosen two strategies including niche cost leadership and niche differentiation that are appropriate for each types of segments. In this business plan, these strategies will be examined in depth and detailed actions of all Erie’s departments which are followed these strategies are also sketched out. III. Corporation Objectives and Strategies 1. Corporation Objectives By the end of year 3, Erie will: * Be one of the two leading companies in the sensor industry * Achieve net profit of $10,000,000 * Obtain at least 25% of market shares of the whole industry * Gain at least 30% of Contribution Margin for each product * Reduce at least 70% of the total labor costs and 11. 8% of total material costs 2. Corporation Strategies According to customers’ buying criteria of Traditional and Low End segments, prices are deemed to be the most considerable factor. In fact, respectively, the price ranges of Traditional and Low End take up approximately 23% and 53% over other criteria such as position and reliability. In other words, customers are willing to purchase low-tech products as long as their prices are relatively low. As a result, Niche Cost Leadership seems to be the most appropriate strategy for these two segments. On the other hand, prices are the most insignificant buying criterion in High End, Performance and Size segments. No matter how high the prices are, customers in these segments are more preferable to high-tech product. In particular, for the High End and Size segments, ideal position occupies 43% and products’ ideal age is 29%. Furthermore, reliability is the most important consideration to customers in Performance segment. Hence, Niche Differentiation is a proper alternative for these three segments. IV. R&D Department 1. Objectives * Meet customers’ expectations in all segments * Control R&D budgets for products in Traditional and Low End segments as low as possible * Continuously update products’ positions for High End, Performance and Size segments every year . KPIs * Keep R&D costs for in Traditional and Low End segments maximum at $1,000,000 * Invest minimum $1,500,000 for revising products in High End, Performance and Size segments 3. Strategies a. Traditional and Low End segments For these two segments, Erie decides to invest slightly and annually in performance and size while decrease the mean time before failure (MTBF) of products in year 1. After that, MTBF will be r emained stable during the first three years. | EAT| EBB| | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Performance| 5. 7| 6. 4| 7. 1| 3| 3| 3. 2| Size| 14. 3| 13. 6| 12. 9| 17| 17| 16. 8| MTBF| 16000| 16000| 16000| 14000| 14000| 14000| Table 1: R&D investment for Traditional & Low End segment for the first three years b. High End, Performance and Size segments So as for customers to perceive the differentiation of our products in these three segments, performance, size and MTBF should exactly meet the customers’ expectations. Therefore, Erie decides not to launch the products in the first year. Since second year, when the products appear in the market, they will be revised annually in order to appeal to be younger in customers’ perception | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| | ECHO| Performance| 8| 9. 8| 10. 7| Size| 12| 10. 2| 9. 3| MTBF| 23000| 24000| 24000| | EDGE| Performance| 9. 4| 11. 4| 12. 4| Size| 15. 5| 14. 6| 13. 9| MTBF| 25000| 27000| 27000| | EGG| Performance| 4| 5| 6. 1| Size| 11| 8. 6| 7. 6| MTBF| 19000| 20000| 20000| Table 2: R&D investment for High End, Performance and Size segment for the first three years V. Marketing Department 1. Objectives * Increase sales of 5 segments by 10% each year Increase demand over 10% each year * Reach above 25% of market shares for Traditional and Low End segments, and above 20% for High End, Performance and Size segments at the end of year 3 * Keep the sales forecast error of 5 segments fluctuate between 5% – 10% during three years 2. KPIs * Keep the price of products of Traditional and Low End segments lower than the av erage price of their price ranges; the ones of High End, Performance and Size higher than the average price * Remain the same prices of all products for the first three years, then slightly decrease all prices from $0. to $1 after year 3 * Maintain customer awareness and accessibility of 5 segments from 95% to 100% * Keep the forecast errors for 5 segments not higher than 200,000 units for Traditional and Low End segments; 50,000 units for High End, Performance and Size segments every year 3. Strategies a. Pricing Strategies * Traditional & Low End In a product life cycle, the introduction stage starts when development is complete and ends when sales indicate that target customers widely accept the products. The marketing strategies are ‘fully implemented during the introduction and should be tightly integrated with the company’s competitive advantages and strategic focus’ (Ferrell & Hartline, p210, 2008). Therefore, during the first three years, in light of cost leadership strategy, Traditional and Low End segments will be followed the penetration pricing approach, which is setting relatively low initial prices, so as to maximize sales, gain widespread market acceptance, and capture large market shares quickly. It means that, in order to comply with the low cost strategy, the prices of the segments are set below the average of their price ranges. In particular, the price of Eat, which dominates Traditional segment, is established at $21. 5 per unit compared to $25 of the average price, whereas the one of Ebb, which takes up majority of sales of Low End segment, is set at $18 compared to $20. (Refer to appendix 1b: Pricing Forecast for further details) This approach is suitable for these two segments because of two main reasons. The first reason is that the segments’ customers are price sensitive since prices outweigh such other elements as ideal position and reliability. The other one is due to the fact that R&D expenses are relatively low as customers do not pay much attention on the segments’ characteristics. * High End, Performance & Size Unlike to Traditional and Low End segments, High End, Performance and Size segments are pursued differentiation strategy; hence, price skimming approach seems to be an appropriate alternative. The rationale behind price skimming is to intentionally set high prices relative to competitors, thereby skimming the profits of the top of the market, recovering the high R&D and marketing expenses associated with developing new products. In other words, the prices of these three segments will be set above the average of price ranges and should be, at least, obtain the contribution margins of 30%. In detail, the prices of Echo, Edge and Egg is respectively set at $39, $34. 5 and $34. 5 for High End, Performance and Size segments compared to the average prices of $35, $30 and $30 of each price ranges. Refer to appendix 1b: Pricing Forecast for further details) b. Promotion and Sales Strategies Percentage of products’ awareness and accessibility, which reflect the number of customers who know the existence of a company’s products, and who can easily interact with the company, are determined respectively by each product’s promotion and sales budgets. In order to in crease demand up to 10%, our company, therefore, initially invests $3,000,000 in promotion budgets during the first two year, and $2,200,000 in sales budget of Eat and Ebb during three years because customer accessibility requires long time investment to achieve 100%. Since year 3, when customer awareness achieves over 100%, the investment in the promotion budgets will be scaled back to $1,500,000. For Echo, Edge and Egg, since they will be launched in the second year, there are only $1,500,000 invested in promotion budgets, and around $1,100,000 to $1,500,000 spent in sales budgets in the first year. However, when they are ready for sales, their promotion budgets will be increased up to $3,000,000, whereas their sales budgets will be invested up to $2,200,000 in the second year so as to encourage customers’ demand. (Refer to appendix 1d: Promotion and Sales Budgets for further details) VI. Production Department 1. Objectives: * Achieve a proper plant utilization * Control production costs effectively 2. KPIs By the end of year three, Production manager aims to: * Keep plant utilization ratio from 90% to 130% to minimize machine downtime cost and expensive 2nd shift charge * Decrease labor costs for all segments by 60% to 70% * Maintain overtime ratio at 0% * Minimize inventory carrying costs at maximum 25% of total production per year 3. Strategies a. Automation Due to the fact that each rate of automation will decrease labor costs by 10%, Erie will increase automation in all segments. Even though the costs of automation are high, this is such a short-term aspect. In long-term, the improvement in automation will bring a greater benefit because costs spent on automation just incurred once while the reduction in labor costs is annual. Therefore, Erie plans to raise automation rating for all segments so as to achieve rate at 7 for Ebb and 6 for all other segments in year 3 as set out in table below: | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Eat| +1| -| +1| Ebb| +2| -| -| Echo| +1| -| +2| Edge| +2| -| +1| Egg| +2| -| +1| Table 3: Production investment in automation level for 5segments the first three years b. Capacity Using an efficient amount of capacity can help the company to achieve economic of scale as well as to be consistent with the pricing strategy as set out by Marketing department. Furthermore, in order to satisfy higher demands as well as to follow sales forecasts of Marketing department, production manager plans to buy 600 units for Ebb; 300 units for each of Edge and Egg in year two. After that, in year three, 500 units of capacity will be purchased for Eat and Ebb. This will also help Erie achieve plant utilization ratio objective as mentioned above. | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Eat| -| -| 500| Ebb| -| 600| 500| Echo| -| -| -| Edge| -| 300| -| Egg| -| 300| -| Table 4: Production investment in capacity for 5segments the first three years Additionally, in case that there is a restriction for purchasing capacity like limitation in the maximum investment or unexpected increase in sales, second shift of capacity will be utilized as much as possible to maximize sales. At the same time, using second shift workers will also be chosen instead of first shift workers with overtime. The main reason is that while second shift workers are paid the same wage rate of addition 50% as first shift workers work on overtime, second shift ones are more efficient as they are not as tired. Moreover, the employee turnover rate is lower which can help Erie to keep talent workers and reduces future recruiting costs. Relying on second shift workers, Erie will also achieve its goal which is to keep overtime ratio at 0%. VII. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 1. Objectives The department intends to: * Increase Productivity Index by 5% * Lower Turnover Rate to 7. 5% in year 3 2. KPIs and Strategies: Erie plans to invest $4 million for Recruiting Spend and 40 training hours in both year 2 and 3 in order to support Production department reducing labor cost. However, 5% turnover rate is unavoidable annually because of retirement, relocation and weeding out poor workers. | Year 2| Year 3| Recruiting Spend ($000)| $ 4,000| $4,000| Training Hours| 40| 40| Table 4: HR investment in recruiting and training for workers the first three years VIII. TQM DEPARTMENT 1. Objectives By the end of year 3, Erie proposes to: * Reduce material costs by 11. 8%, labor costs by 14% and administrative costs by 60% * Shorten the length of time required for R&D projects to complete by 40% * Increase demand by 14. 4% for the product line 2. KPIs and Strategies For each initiative, Erie is planning to invest $1,500,000 in a 3 year cycle. In particular, in year 3, 4, 6 and 7, $1,500,000 will be invested in each initiative; while in year 5 and 8, there is only $1,000,000 budgeted for each initiative. The firm chooses an investment of $1,500,000 because expenditures beyond $ 4 million over 2 or 3 years in each initiative will lead to the diminishing returns. | Year 3| Year 4| Year 5| | Year 6| Year 7| Year 8| Process Management Budgets| | CPI Systems| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| Vendor/JIT| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| Quality Initiative Training| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| Channel Support Systems| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| Concurrent Engineering| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| UNEP Green Programs| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| | TQM Budgets | | Benchmarking| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| Quality Function Deployment Effort| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| CCE/6 Sigma Training| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| GEMI TQEM Sustainability Initiatives| $1,500,000| $1,500,000| $1,000,000| Table 5: TQM investment in each initiative during 8 years IX. Finance Department 1. Objective By the end of year three: Avoid emergency loan * Achieve the cumulative profit between $15,000,000 to $20,000,000 * Utilize debt in investment effectively 2. KPIS * Maintain the leverage between 1. 8 to 2. 8 * Achieve the ROE ratios between 15% to 25% * Maintain closing cash position at around $12,000,000 to $15,000,000 each year * Maintain working capital day from 30 to 90 days 3. Stra tegies a. Emergency loan: In order to finance the maximum investment in the capacity and automation of the first three years, the highest amount of stocks and bonds will be issued in year 1 and continue to be considered issuing since year 2 in case of cash shortage. In addition, to sustain the loss in the first two years for capturing the market shares, a maximum amount of current debt will be borrowed in the first year. This in turn could avoid a 7. 5% of penalty for the emergency loan. After that, our company will continue to borrow a sufficient amount of current debt with the purpose to maintain our cash position at around 12,000,000 to $15,000,000. Besides, the credit for account receivable is set at 30 days so as to have a sufficient amount of cash to avoid emergency loan. b. Leverage The purpose of maintaining the leverage ratio is not to use too much retain earnings for funding the growth and avoiding a high amount of debt which can lead our company to a financial risk because of a significant amount of interest expense. In order to keep an appropriate leverage ratio, the total amount of debt will only be considered in the worst case. However, if the leverage is too high, the production investment needs to be scaled back. c. Cumulative profit So as to achieve the above expected cumulative profit, firstly, the day of working capital needs concerning and maintaining from 30 to 90 days. This in turn can protect our company from a risky position if problems occur as well as help us achieve a higher productive rate. Secondly, the expenditure for HR and TQM will be carefully calculated. Finally, the account payable policy is set at 30 days which will minimize significantly suppliers’ material withholding. Hence, our company’s profit can be improved in case of stock out because of lacking materials. X. Back-up plan Most companies have to confront with several unexpected and difficult situations during operating period. One of these difficulties could be that some companies might collapse as losing their ability to continue to compete with other competitors in some products. The reason for this would be that they no longer make enough sales to cover costs which lead to a decrease in market shares and an extreme financial loss as well. Therefore, in order to avoid this situation, Erie has developed a back-up plan in case that one of our products suffers serious loss. According to the BCG matrix, it is believed that Traditional and Low End segments might be in the ‘harvest’ stage since year 5. This is because these two segments have dominated a large proportion of market shares. Moreover, their growth rates start to decrease significantly for a long time of being operated in the sensor market. As a result, our company intends to adopt the exiting strategies when these segments begin to make relatively small profits or suffer serious loss. Instead, our company decides to develop and launch a new product which will be followed the differentiation strategy like High End and Performance segment since these segments are just in the ‘hold’ stage at that time, hence can catch up with other competitors’ products. XI. Conclusion In conclusion, relying on the application of such strategy, Erie’s products will be high-recognized in the market as they are revised regularly and efficiently. In addition, through the advantage of an initially significant investment, the company could become more competitive in the market as its production costs are minimized. Furthermore, by accepting a little bit of risky at about the first two years, Erie will gain a competitive advantage over other competitors in terms of long-term cost savings and hence could provide cheaper products and increase sales in later years. XII. Reference * Ferrel. O. C. & Hartline. D. M. 2008, Marketing Strategy 4e, South- Western Cengage Learning, the USA. XIII. Appendix 1. Marketing Forecast a. Sales Forecast | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Eat| 2,000,000| 2,200,000| 2,420,000| Ebb| 2,200,000| 2,420,000| 2,665,000| Echo| 430,000| 475,000| 525,000| Edge| 350,000| 385,000| 425,000| Egg| 400,000| 440,000| 485,000| b. Price Forecast | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Eat| $ 21. 5| $ 21. 5| $ 21. 5| Ebb| $ 18| $ 18| $ 18| Echo| $ 39| $ 39| $ 39| Edge| $ 34. 5| $ 34. 5| $ 34. 5| Egg| $ 34. 5| $ 34. 5| $ 34. 5| c. Sales Revenue Forecast | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Eat| $43,000,000| $47,300,000| $53,030,000| Ebb| $39,600,000| $43,560,000| $47,970,000| Echo| $16,770,000| $18,525,000| $20,475,000| Edge| $12,075,000| $13,282,500| $14,662,500| Egg| $13,800,000| $15,180,000| $16,732,500| d. Promotion & Sales Budgets | Promotion Budget (000)| Sales Budget (000)| | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Eat| $3,000| $3,000| $1,500| $2,200| $2,200| $2,200| Ebb| $3,000| $3,000| $1,500| $2,200| $2,200| $2,200| Echo| $1,500| $3,000| $3,000| $1,500| $2,200| $2,200| Edge| $1,500| $3,000| $3,000| $1,100| $2,200| $2,200| Egg| $1,500| $3,000| $3,000| $1,100| $2,200| $2,200| . Production Plan PROUCTION PLAN Year 1 – 2011| | Eat| Ebb| Echo| Edge| Egg| NA| NA| NA| Total| Units sales forecast| 2000| 2200| 430| 350| 400| Â  | Â  | Â  | 5380| Inventory on hand| 189| 39| 40| 78| 62| Â  | Â  | Â  | 408| Production schedule| 1800| 2200| 400| 300| 340| Â  | Â  | Â  | 5040| Production after Adj. | 1782| 2178| 396| 297| 337| Â  | Â  | Â  | 4990 | Margins| Â  | 2nd shift production %| 0%| 57. 10%| 0%| 0%| 0%| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Labour cost/unit| $8. 22 | $8. 26 | $9. 39 | $9. 39 | $9. 39 | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Material cost/unit| $10. 96 | $7. 63 | $15. 53 | $15. 45 | $13. 3 | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Total unit cost| $19. 18 | $15. 89 | $24. 92 | $24. 84 | $22. 62 | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | CM| 10. 8%| 11. 7%| 36. 1%| 28. 0%| 34. 4%| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Physical plant| Â  | Total| 1st shift capacity| 1800| 1400| 900| 600| 600| Â  | Â  | Â  | 5300| Buy/sell capacity| –| –| –| –| –| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Automation rating| 4| 5| 3| 3| 3| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | New automation rating| 5| 7| 4| 5| 5| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Investment| $7,200 | $11,200 | $3,600 | $4,800 | $4,800 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $31,600 | Workforce| Last year| Needed| This Year| 1st shift| 2nd shift| Overtime| Â  | Max Invest| 32,694 | Completement| 700| 820| 820| 705| 115| 0%| A/P Lags| 30| (days)| 3. Profo rma Financial Statements a. Balance Sheet PROFORMA BALANCE SHEET| ASSETS| | Cash| 28034| Accounts Receivable| 10240| Inventory| 1055| Total Current Assets| 39328| Plant & Equipment| 145400| Accumulated Depreciation| (47626)| Total Fixed Assets| 97774| | Total Assets| 137102| | LIABILITIES & OWNER'S EQUITY| Accounts Payable| 7699| Current Debt| 20341| Long Term Debt| 60694| Total Liabilities| 88734| | Common Stock| 32060| Retained Earnings| 16308| Total Equity| 48368| Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity| 137102| b. Cash Flow Statement PROFORMA CASH FLOW STATEMENT| Cash Flows from Operating Activities| | Net Income (Loss)| (13274)| Adjustment for non-cash items| | | Depreciation & Writeoff| 9693| Change in Current Assets and Liabilities| | | Accounts Payable| 1116| | Inventory| 7562| | Accounts Receivable| (1933)| Net cash from operations| 3165| | Cash Flows From Investing Activities| | Plant Improvements| (31600)| | Cash Flows from Financing Activities| | Dividends Paid| | Sales of Common Stock| 13,700| Purchase of Common Stock| | Cash from long term debt | 18994| Retirement of long term debt| | Change in current debt (net)| 20341| | Net change in cash position| 24600| | Starting cash position| 3,434| Closing cash position| 28034| c. Income Statement PROFORMA INCOME STATEMENT| Product Name| EAT| EBB| ECHO| EDGE| EGG| Total| Sales| 42385| 39600| 16770| 12075| 13757| 124587| | Variable Costs| | Direct Labor| 16227| 18156| 4043| 3284| 3748| 45458| Direct Material| 21632| 16771| 6682| 5403| 5279| 55768| Inventory Carry| 0| 33| 18| 75| 0| 127| Total Variable Costs| 37859| 34960| 10743| 8761| 9028| 101352| | Contribution Margin| 4520| 4640| 6027| 3314| 4729| 23235| | Period Costs| | Depreciation| 3120| 3173| 1320| 1040| 1040| 9693| SG&A: R&D| 269| 0| 1000| 1000| 1000| 3269| Promotions| 3000| 3000| 1500| 1500| 1500| 10500| Sales| 2200| 2200| 1500| 1100| 1100| 8100| Admin| 365| 341| 145| 104| 119| 1074| Total Period Costs| 8955| 8715| 5465| 4744| 4759| 32637| | Net Margin| (4429)| (4075)| 562| (1431)| (29)| (9402)| | Other| 1635| EBIT| (11037)| Interest| 9384| Taxes| (7147)| Profit Sharing| 0| | Net Profit| (13274)| d. Cash Budget CASH BUDGET| | Total| Beginning cash balance| 3,434| Cash from operations| 3,165| Total Available Cash| 6,599| Less:| | Capital expenditures| (31,600)| Interest| (9,384)| Dividends| 0| Debt retirement| 0| Other| (1,635)| Total Disbursements| (42,619)| Cash Balance (Deficit)| (36,020)| Add:| | Short-term loans| 20,341| Long-term loans| 18,994| Capital stock issues| 13,700| Total Additions| 52,035| Ending Cash Balance| 16,015|

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Advanced Hunting and Content Development - Research Paper Example Attack or evading defenders’ tools involve using counter infrastructure and tools that compromise data. Defenders must then have indicators of compromise (IOC) such that their content identifies methods or numerous pieces of evidence (Orlando 23). This introduces the need to distinguish between analytic and hunting where analytics include the means of obtaining attractive objects, patterns, and events, and this is supported by hunting together with monitoring. However, monitoring is not analytics, but ensuring that the system is free from evident or hidden compromise by offenders. In their attack, offenders use different platforms and phishing techniques while defenders are forced to use such as exploit kit servers such as RSA Security Analytics to monitor phishing and other attacks. RSA security analytics work toward protecting phishing, and suspicious objects, patterns or events using notifications such as warnings, provision of information, and curbing suspicions. In all cases, RSA security analytics uses an event reconstruction to identify suspicions, warnings, or compromise, and communicates to the present security tools including intrusion prevention systems, and firewalls. The security tools are also informed of things that present threat to the system (Musthaler n.p). The two identified are Zenoss Core, Network Miner, and angry IP Scanner. The Zenoss Core platform combines system management and integrated network analysis of performance, events, availability, and configuration. The platform uses simple protocols for streaming data through SSH, JMX, and Syslong for flexible foundation to manage events and monitor logs. In addition, the tool offers features that are particularly geared towards virtual and cloud infrastructure. Network minor tool offers a great way of scrutinizing files, chat history, searching files,

How the social resposibilities of ship management business managershas Essay

How the social resposibilities of ship management business managershas changed - Essay Example Their products must be safe to use and the environment to which the workers operate should also be protective. The ship business management managers have also deviated from that social responsibility embodied by the law to that relates to the people's customs and traditions at large with the sole purpose of providing/doing what the people need. Additionally, the business is now recognizing and appreciating people's human rights in interacting with the community. a) The Employees Employees form a major part of the company stakeholders. Unfortunately, this group is rarely looked into when it cares to awarding of benefits, salary increment as a whole. But the ship management business managers have started showing some form of social responsibility towards its employees in the following manner. (Davis and Blomstrom, 1975) a) Fair recruitment & selection exercise - The business managers have started hiring its workforce based on merit, traits exhibited during interviews etc. All the candidates are subjected to similar interviewing environments with the interviewer asking almost similar questions. There have been changes from; embarrassing questions to fair questions; seriousness to friendliness; general appearance to merit; subjectivity to objectivity. 2 b) Improved conflict management criteria - The managers have moved from competition/ authoritative command of conflict management to accommodating/smoothing style of managing conflicts. Competition/authoritative command is where managers used to be in co-operative but assertive. They used to work against the wishes of the employees, fight to dominate and force things to a favourable conclusion through the exercise of authority or power. The managers therefore achieved... They have a care with regard to ethics and moral responsibilities. The ship management business have moved from the traditional responsibilities of maximizing profits by reducing costs unethically and maximizing their revenues is more people oriented goals.Political systems greatly affect firms operations. The new part will have to cope with government strategies or development plans. Expansions of the new post development may be met with stiff resistance of the local authorities on grounds of different government plans on such expansion areas. In some nations, government set out certain rules and regulations regarding the health and safety of the working environment and the part development will have to adjust accordingly. (Griffin and Mahon, 1997)Influence the operations of the new part development.The interest rates in the economy keep on fluctuating and the new part development must adjust accordingly to this. It also has to adhere to the labour laws that exist in that business i ndustry. The economical situations also influence consumer buying behaviour and their bargaining power. The part development will have to re-adjust more during periods of recession than boom periods. In conclusion it is important for the new part development to understand the external environment to which it operates and adjust accordingly because this might have an effect on its resultant profits.

Critique of the painting child girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique of the painting child girl - Essay Example The essay "Critique of the painting "child girl"" discovers the painting "child girl" by Richard Phillips. The painting called the Girl Child was created by the artist in 1996-97 but other than that there is no inclination of why the artist has chosen such a subject. Richard Phillips has been known to say that there is a hidden connectivity or common thread that runs through most of his subjects, but where one series ends and another one starts is for the artist to say. Although the painting of the Girl Child is very realistic, it has the dubious distinction of both drawing people towards it and away from it, depending on what they interpret from the images and the subject matter. The painting called the Girl Child by Richard Phillips is possibly one of the most debated contemporary paintings in modern day America. It is an oil painting on a linen canvas and is one cannot help being awestruck by its sheer size of 90 x 100 inches. It currently hangs on display at the Collection of the Modern Museum of Art in Fort Worth Texas, USA. There are two images in the stated painting. One is of a small girl, not more than six or seven years of age, yet eerie and foreboding in its composure. It is almost as if the girl was haunted, as a deep dark eerie look is in evidence here. It is as if she is asking us for something, her plush blond locks hanging by her side as the focus is on the deep-set eyes and even more deep-set, bloodshot look. Her hair is parted down the middle of her forehead.

Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation

Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation Maria (titanium number: 47144) is a retired, 65-year-old lady who visited the clinic, for the replacement of her teeth in quadrant 4 (#33-36) after the removal of the old bridge and the abutments by a private dentist due to weakened abutments. According to the patient, her last visit to the dentist was 2 weeks before her first appointment with me. It was for the removal of the residual root of 44 which served as one of the abutments for the previous bridge. Maria brushes her teeth twice a day, using a soft bristle toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste. She also flosses and rinses her mouth with Listerine mouthwash twice a day. The patient has underlying cardiac arrhythmia, chronic bronchitis, fracture on vertebrae T5 and T7, depression, fibrocystic breast, hypertension, sciatica leg, scoliosis, type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis on her rotator cuffs as well as her knees. She is allergic to resedronate sodium. Socially, Maria is a smoker and she smokes 15 cigarettes a day since she was 17 and she is not thinking of quitting. She drinks occasionally. Upon oral examination, her oral hygiene is generally good with some mild plaque and calculus deposition. Her PSR score was 0 for all sextants, suggesting no active periodontal disease but generalized gingival recession was present. Her #24-27 as well as #34-36 was replaced by bridges. There were restorations on almost all of the dentitions with only 4 sound teeth. However, no active carious lesion was found. Tobacco smoking can cause damage to almost every system of the human’s body, contributing to a variety of diseases thus increasing the mortality rate.1 Moreover, studies have shown that smoking can affect oral health in diverse manners such as increasing occurrence of oral cancer, periodontitis as well as causing teeth discolouration.2 Therefore, it is the responsibility of a dental practitioner to address this issue. In Maria’s case, the habit of smoking is rather alarming because it not only can affect the oral health but her general wellness. From her medical history, it has been shown that she is suffering from multiple diseases that can be modified by tobacco smoking. Most significantly, smoking is the major cause of chronic bronchitis and can further exacerbate the symptoms.3 Hence, motivational interviewing was attempted to help Maria in quitting smoking. I started the motivational interviewing session by exploring the stage of change Maria was at. According to Maria, she has thought of quitting but it was very difficult because smoking provide her a means to relieve anxiety and depression. She also expressed that she was not ready to quit. From here, it can be deduced the she is at pre-contemplation stage. Subsequently, I asked for her permission to discuss about this issue, emphasizing that the decision of quitting is up to her. She agreed and in return, I give affirmation by thanking for her willingness to talk about quitting. To elicit the ‘change talk’, I started by further exploring the source of her barrier. She told me that her medical conditions and the need for surgery were making her depressed. From here, I presumed that her concern about health could be a good motivator. Then, I asked her the reason as to why she has thought of quitting. In response, she said that she wanted to be healthier and that she was aware of the disadvantages of smoking as her GP had always advised her to quit. Furthermore, smoking had also become a financial burden for her. At this point, I summarized that her goal was to improve her health. Hoping to develop a discrepancy between smoking and her goal, I asked her to think about the advantages of quitting smoking. She replied that by quitting smoking, she might be able to become healthier and save some money. When I asked her about her ability to make the change, she replied with ‘I really don’t know.’ As I was facing resistance, I tried t o find an alternative question. When she was asked about what she would do to make the change, I got a similar reply ‘I am not sure.’ With her permission, I introduced her to the quit line. Finally, I concluded with reiteration of the discrepancy between smoking and her goal to become healthier. A brief evaluative session was done before a restorative procedure when I updated her medical history. She told me that she just had a biopsy done, suspected with breast cancer and still using cigarette to relieve stress. Due to time pressure, the session stopped here. Judging from Maria’s response during the conversation, it can be seen that although I have successfully encouraged her to think and talk about the issue, the intention of quitting is low. The response ‘I really don’t know’ and ‘I am not sure’ suggest that she is highly in doubt of her ability to quit. In addition, it is clear that cigarette as a stress reliever is a strong ambivalence that stops her from quitting. I feel that the session was a good start for both Maria and I but there is still a lot of improvement needed. To illustrate, I lack the experience in giving appropriate affirmations. There were a few instances where my affirmations were rather awkward. Besides, I need to improve my skill in complex reflection. For instance, when she talked about the source of depression which was her health, I could have leaded her to a new thought whereby smoking cessation can improve health and hence, reducing the source of depression. I could have also asked Maria to compare the advantages and disadvantages of smoking. This might help her to recognize her goal and ambivalence better. As she has low confidence in quitting, there should be more discussion as to how help could make a difference.4 In conclusion, motivational interviewing can be a good approach to induce behavioural change in patients however practice is needed to develop the skills and to execute it effectively. References Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004; 328:1519-1528. Sham AS, Cheung LK, Jin LJ, Corbet EF. The effects of tobacco use on oral health. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9:271–277. Rebecca JT, Frank ES, Bernard R, Dimitrios T, Walter CW. Cigarette Smoking and Incidence of Chronic Bronchitis and Asthma in Women. Chest 1995; 108(6):1557-1561. David B. Rosegren. Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: A Practitioner Workbook. 1 edn. Washington: The Guilford Press, 2009.

Vocabulary :: Communication, Language

Vocabulary is very important to everyday reading because it is all of the words in a language. According to Bursuck and Damer (2010) students â€Å"learn to decode harder text, they are more likely to encounter words that are not part of their oral language† (p. 231). Being familiar with words and the meaning of the word assists student’s fluency as well as comprehension. According to the National Institute of Literacy (2007) vocabulary is â€Å"words used in speech and print to communicate† (p. 14). Vocabulary can be divided into two categories â€Å"oral or spoken words and written words† (National Institute of Literacy, 2007, p. 14). The National Institute of Literacy (2007), agree with Bursuck and Damer (2010), stating that â€Å"vocabulary knowledge is important to reading because the oral and written words promote comprehension and communication† (p. 14). Since vocabulary is extremely important Pullen, Tuckwiller, Konold, Maynard, & Coyne, 20 10 used a â€Å"three tier model for students at risk for a reading disability† (p. 110). Pullen et al. (2010) states that vocabulary development occurs through incidental learning and home environment before formal schooling† (p. 111) The intervention created by Pullen et al. (2010) was meant to increase students’ vocabulary of at risk students. The intervention (2010) participants â€Å"were 224 first grade students in elementary schools in a diverse population and moderate percentage of students in socio-economic status† (p. 114). The intervention (2010) itself created by ___________________ was a three-tier system: Tier 1 consisted of classroom instruction and â€Å"students who do not respond to tier 1 will receive tier 2 instruction and tier 3 is the most intensive level and if student do not respond to this level they are referred to a special education evaluation† (p. 114). To identify students who may be at risk of disability, the intervention (2010) used the PPVT-4 as a standardized test. Pullen et al. (2010) used the test to asses the baseline level â€Å"of receptive vocabulary and identify participants as either at risk of not for reading failure† (p. 115). The authors of the intervention (2010) selected the PPVT-4 because â€Å"it demonstrated reliability, indicating that is a sound measure for measuring receptive vocabulary† (p. 115). For a post-test, the authors (2010) used a researcher-developed measure to asses students’ acquisition of target words used in the intervention (p. 115). Pullen et al. (2010) had a three-tier system where tier 1 and tier 2 were designed â€Å"around two story books appropriate for first grade students† (p.

New Productive Forms of Atomic Theory

Human understanding to the world of the minuscule atoms had changed over the passing of time. Several scientist physicists had almost devoted their entire life in order to achieve a better view to the building blocks of matter. Numerous persons had attained to be acknowledged by the Nobel Peace Price for Physics about this matter. Two of them were Erwin Schrà ¶dinger of Austria and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac of the United Kindom. Their contributions, The Fundamental Idea of Wave Mechanics and the Theory of Electrons and Positrons respectively were accounted for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.To know how atomic theory is related with wave mechanics, Schrà ¶dinger explained the different phenomenon attributed with waves. Mechanics of waves has a topic concerned with the change in the direction of light as it passes through several kinds of mediums or barriers. Schrà ¶dinger emphasized that the path of light rays can be predicted if we will consider two simple laws, they were the law of refraction by Snellius a few centuries ago and the law of reflection by Archimedes dated back 2,000 years ago. The two laws can simply be viewed with the use of convex and concave lenses which were present in the mechanism of a telescope and a camera. The occurrence of refraction was cited by Schrà ¶dinger as a result of Fermat’s principle.Fermat’s principle states that light propagates with different velocities in different mediums and the path of light visible to the human eye is the path that could quickly fetch the light particles to its destination (Schrà ¶dinger, 1933). If there is a need to refract and suppose the light intends not to refract, it would mean of a delay. Refraction happens when there is gradual change in the nature of medium. Schrà ¶dinger gave an example.The path that sunlight takes is earthward rather than the shorter straight path because light particles tend to take the â€Å"higher faster layers† to reach its destination more quickly. Refraction of the sun is observed when it is deep down in the horizon and it appears flattened. Refraction is commonly observed when viewing a straight object that is half part in one medium, say water and half part into another medium, say air. Schrà ¶dinger further explained it by comparing the phenomenon to a travel of soldiers in an unleveled terrain. The soldiers tend to take the not up hilled part so as they can travel at the least time possible.Fermat’s principle was then compared to the discovery of Hamilton that true mass point’s (components of matter) movement in forces field is governed by the same said principle. Hamilton principle does not suggestively states that the mass point chooses the quickest way, example would be in a planet revolving around the sun or a stone thrown in a body of water.   But the analogy of matter with the light’s tendency for shortest traveling time would still arise. After this observation, the proposition that matter has a wave property had then been revived since the time of Christiaan Huygens.The theory of Electrons and Positrons on the other hand supports the claim that matter is a particle. It states that matter is composed of various kinds of particles, the particle of the same kind exhibiting almost the same properties (Dirac, 1933). The classification of elementary particles present is still on debate. But a classification of the simpler kinds of particles was enumerated by Dirac. They were the photons or light-quanta, of which light is composed, the electrons and the positrons (which appear to be a sort of mirror image of the electrons, differing from them only in the sign of their electric charge), and the heavier particles – protons and neutrons.Dirac focused on the study of electrons and positrons because of various reasons. He emphasized that we must first consider how theory can give any data on the properties of elementary particles. General quan tum mechanics is used to describe the motion of a particle. However, it is only applicable to particles having small velocities.It is in here that the theory of relativity comes in with regards to particles having velocities comparable to the speed of light. As of today, introduction of relativistic quantum mechanics had yet pushed through (Pfeifer, 2004) which, according to Dirac, is needed to be applied in the observation of particles with arbitrary properties. That procedure would be successful in the case of electrons and positrons such as observing their spin properties (Dirac, 1933).To have a background about electron, it is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative charge. It is found that an electron must actually have a high frequency oscillatory motion of small amplitude rather than the slow movement that have been thought of for the past. This oscillatory motion results to the velocity of an electron to be equal at any time to the velocity of light. This pr ediction cannot be proved by experiment as of Dirac’s time since the frequency of the oscillatory motion is said to be high while its amplitude is said to be so small. But one must still believe this matter since related topics such as the scattering of light by an electron are confirmed by an experiment that time.The positron, on the contrary, is the antimatter or antiparticle counterpart of electrons, as theorized by Dirac. It has the same mass but the opposite charge and spin as compared to electrons. Annihilation occurs when a low energy positron collides with a low energy electron, resulting in the production of two gamma ray photons (Dirac, 1933). This phenomenon about positron makes it prone to use in fictional stories of today.A proposal, coming from the said discoverer of positron, Carl D. Anderson suggested to change the name of electron to negatron and then later on change the use of electron as the generic term for both the positively and negatively charge subatom ic particles. But the move did not prosper.ImplicationsThe study about the minute atoms brought many beneficial effects to the human society. Going even deeper to the world of subatomic particles gave the modern society an edge to various fields.In industry, most common uses of Electron beams are in cathode ray tubes in television sets and computer monitors. Some other less known uses are in welding, lithography (practice of using beams to generate patterns on a surface), scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Low energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Reflection High Energy Diffraction (RHEED) are also the most current innovations man had discovered to gain benefits to Electron Beams (Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia).In the laboratory, electron and scanning tunneling microscopes are used to study objects in the atomic scale. In medicine, radiation therapy makes use of electron beams for treatment of superficial tumors.There is a wide range of benefits subatomic particles give to us as of today. But the doubt of discovering something about them that could harm not only the humans but the whole living things in the world is still there. Positron, having the negative name of being antimatter, is now being fictionalized as something that could be used for mass destruction. Nonetheless, it is still in man’s judgment if he will use it or not against him and unto others.References:Pfeifer (2004). Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, an IntroductionRetrieved June 4, 2007, fromhttp://www.walterpfeifer.ch/relqm/index.htmlDirac (1933). Theory of electrons and positrons  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/dirac-lecture.pdfSchrà ¶dinger (1933). The fundamental idea of wave mechanics.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-lecture.pdfElectron. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron#_ref-griffiths_0Positron. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron New Productive Forms of Atomic Theory Human understanding to the world of the minuscule atoms had changed over the passing of time. Several scientist physicists had almost devoted their entire life in order to achieve a better view to the building blocks of matter. Numerous persons had attained to be acknowledged by the Nobel Peace Price for Physics about this matter. Two of them were Erwin Schrà ¶dinger of Austria and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac of the United Kindom. Their contributions, The Fundamental Idea of Wave Mechanics and the Theory of Electrons and Positrons respectively were accounted for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.  To know how atomic theory is related with wave mechanics, Schrà ¶dinger explained the different phenomenon attributed with waves. Mechanics of waves has a topic concerned with the change in the direction of light as it passes through several kinds of mediums or barriers. Schrà ¶dinger emphasized that the path of light rays can be predicted if we will consider two sim ple laws, they were the law of refraction by Snellius a few centuries ago and the law of reflection by Archimedes dated back 2,000 years ago. The two laws can simply be viewed with the use of convex and concave lenses which were present in the mechanism of a telescope and a camera. The occurrence of refraction was cited by Schrà ¶dinger as a result of Fermat’s principle.Fermat’s principle states that light propagates with different velocities in different mediums and the path of light visible to the human eye is the path that could quickly fetch the light particles to its destination (Schrà ¶dinger, 1933). If there is a need to refract and suppose the light intends not to refract, it would mean of a delay. Refraction happens when there is gradual change in the nature of medium. Schrà ¶dinger gave an example. The path that sunlight takes is earthward rather than the shorter straight path because light particles tend to take the â€Å"higher faster layers† to r each its destination more quickly.Refraction of the sun is observed when it is deep down in the horizon and it appears flattened. Refraction is commonly observed when viewing a straight object that is half part in one medium, say water and half part into another medium, say air. Schrà ¶dinger further explained it by comparing the phenomenon to a travel of soldiers in an unleveled terrain. The soldiers tend to take the not up hilled part so as they can travel at the least time possible.Fermat’s principle was then compared to the discovery of Hamilton that true mass point’s (components of matter) movement in forces field is governed by the same said principle. Hamilton principle does not suggestively states that the mass point chooses the quickest way, example would be in a planet revolving around the sun or a stone thrown in a body of water.   But the analogy of matter with the light’s tendency for shortest traveling time would still arise. After this observat ion, the proposition that matter has a wave property had then been revived since the time of Christiaan Huygens.The theory of Electrons and Positrons on the other hand supports the claim that matter is a particle. It states that matter is composed of various kinds of particles, the particle of the same kind exhibiting almost the same properties (Dirac, 1933). The classification of elementary particles present is still on debate. But a classification of the simpler kinds of particles was enumerated by Dirac. They were the photons or light-quanta, of which light is composed, the electrons and the positrons (which appear to be a sort of mirror image of the electrons, differing from them only in the sign of their electric charge), and the heavier particles – protons and neutrons.Dirac focused on the study of electrons and positrons because of various reasons. He emphasized that we must first consider how theory can give any data on the properties of elementary particles. General quantum mechanics is used to describe the motion of a particle. However, it is only applicable to particles having small velocities. It is in here that the theory of relativity comes in with regards to particles having velocities comparable to the speed of light. As of today, introduction of relativistic quantum mechanics had yet pushed through (Pfeifer, 2004) which, according to Dirac, is needed to be applied in the observation of particles with arbitrary properties. That procedure would be successful in the case of electrons and positrons such as observing their spin properties (Dirac, 1933).To have a background about electron, it is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative charge. It is found that an electron must actually have a high frequency oscillatory motion of small amplitude rather than the slow movement that have been thought of for the past. This oscillatory motion results to the velocity of an electron to be equal at any time to the velocity of light. Th is prediction cannot be proved by experiment as of Dirac’s time since the frequency of the oscillatory motion is said to be high while its amplitude is said to be so small. But one must still believe this matter since related topics such as the scattering of light by an electron are confirmed by an experiment that time.The positron, on the contrary, is the antimatter or antiparticle counterpart of electrons, as theorized by Dirac. It has the same mass but the opposite charge and spin as compared to electrons. Annihilation occurs when a low energy positron collides with a low energy electron, resulting in the production of two gamma ray photons (Dirac, 1933). This phenomenon about positron makes it prone to use in fictional stories of today.A proposal, coming from the said discoverer of positron, Carl D. Anderson suggested to change the name of electron to negatron and then later on change the use of electron as the generic term for both the positively and negatively charge su batomic particles. But the move did not prosper.ImplicationsThe study about the minute atoms brought many beneficial effects to the human society. Going even deeper to the world of subatomic particles gave the modern society an edge to various fields.In industry, most common uses of Electron beams are in cathode ray tubes in television sets and computer monitors. Some other less known uses are in welding, lithography (practice of using beams to generate patterns on a surface), scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Low energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Reflection High Energy Diffraction (RHEED) are also the most current innovations man had discovered to gain benefits to Electron Beams (Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia).In the laboratory, electron and scanning tunneling microscopes are used to study objects in the atomic scale. In medicine, radiation therapy makes use of electron beams for treatment of superficial tumors.There is a wide range of benefits subatomic particles give to us as of today. But the doubt of discovering something about them that could harm not only the humans but the whole living things in the world is still there. Positron, having the negative name of being antimatter, is now being fictionalized as something that could be used for mass destruction. Nonetheless, it is still in man’s judgment if he will use it or not against him and unto others.References:Pfeifer (2004). Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, an Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.walterpfeifer.ch/relqm/index.htmlDirac (1933). Theory of electrons and positrons  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/dirac-lecture.pdfSchrà ¶dinger (1933). The fundamental idea of wave mechanics.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-lecture.pdfElectron. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron#_ref-griffiths_0Positron. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved June 4, 2007, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron

Karma in Bhagavad-Gita and Shakuntala Essay

In _Bhagavad- Gita_, dharma and karma are two controlling forces of the ultimate destinies of the people to preserve and conserve the Hindu social order. Arjuna, the protagonist, is torn between two choices, either to perform his dharma for the emancipation of the spirit or to fight against his kin that would probably result to evil karma. He belongs to a compelling position in the Hindu social order because of his birth and occupation, making him locked up from the supposed ultimate freedom (Mack, 1995). The dharma of Arjuna complicates his status in the social hierarchy thus makes him doubtful in performing his duties and responsibilities both as a Hindu warrior and a kin. He may have the control over his spirit and he may choose to receive a good karma, but his dharma contradicts and requires him to somehow disobey his self. In addition, according to Krishna, if he will withdraw from action, it is thus an act of self-delusion and the renunciation of moral and social responsibility. Krishna said that he [Arjuna] ‘†¦must learn to endure fleeting things- they come and go!† (2nd teaching: 14). He is convincing him to â€Å"fight the battle† (2nd: 18) and so if â€Å"he has courage, he is fit for immortality† (2nd: 15). He is always reminding him that his dharma requires him to fight. He adds, â€Å"No one exists for even an instant without performing action; however unwilling, every being is forced to act by the qualities of nature† (3rd: 5). Arjuna’s hesitation may be valid in some points but it is orderly since it is human nature. He is overcome by doubts because he does not wish to be guilty of the death of his kin, but Krishna tell him that â€Å"actions imprisons the world unless it is done as sacrifice; freed from attachment, Arjuna, perform action as sacrifice!† (3rd: 9). From the philosophies of Krishna mentioned above, it can be scrutinized that an individual in the Indian society must not think that performing dharma can be immoral once it may result to evil karma, but rather internalize that when performing deeds, â€Å"always perform with detachment any action you must  do; performing action with detachment, one achieves supreme good † (3rd: 19). They are not ruling dharma and karma, but they govern â€Å"to preserve the world† (3rd: 25). _Shakuntala_ also portrays a strong Hindu society and Hinduism. There is sadness and melancholy due to dharma and karma but the ultimate destinies are well-controlled. Hinduism may provide sufficient free will to man but it does not permit him grappling from the moral ambiguities that may lead to tragedy (Yohannan, 1994). Shakunta was punished because she did not able to perform her religious duties. As what Priyamvada told the King, Shakuntala â€Å"†¦has been engaged in the practiced of religious duties†; but because of her fascination and attachment to the King, she forgot her dharma for the first time, leading her to suffer evil consequences (karma). Priyamvada told her assumption to Anasuya when they were in the garden of the hermitage and said â€Å"I fear a terrible misfortune has occurred. Sakoontala, from absence of mind, must have offended some guest whom she was bound to treat with respect†. Shakuntala is the daughter of the hermit leader and a Brahman so she really has to perform her religious duties otherwise she will disobey the norm. Nevertheless, she is not destined to be forever shattered and helpless; she must gain back what and who she deserves to have, and that is to be united with the King. Through the presentation of the fate of the characters, we can say that Hinduism still favors people as long as they keep their faith and deeds according to it. For the question _how can be both paradoxical and at the same time complementary, Shakuntala_ and _Bhagavad- Gita_ have their own ways of portraying an Indian society and its religion. In _Bhagavad- Gita,_ Krishna is really the personal and true-existing (though appeared in a different form) adviser who keeps on reminding and convincing Arjuna to perform his dharma otherwise a great consequence might happen. Arjuna tends to remain in his humanness nature but his dharma tries to desolate him from his morality,  so there is his friend charioteer (Krishna) who keeps on warning him by teaching philosophies. He is overcome by his morality by killing his own kin. On the other hand, Shakuntala has not been warned before she committed such sacred crime. She was more overcome by the humanness nature that she tends to forget her dharma. Her emotions desolate her, so as punishment, her own fault kills the chance to be loved by the King. Because of their social status in the society, their dharma becomes more demanding and regulating. Both show a pleasurable sense of life and their religion guides them not to end up tragically. Both value knowledge as means to salvation and liberation. In _Shakuntala,_ the trial which she brings upon herself matures her in the knowledge of love and prepares her for the life which she is destined to live (Yohannan, 1994). In _Bhagavad- Gita_, â€Å"knowledge is obscured† (3rd: 39), therefore Krishna tells Arjuna that â€Å"kill this evil that wins knowledge and judgment† (3rd: 41) because â€Å"knowing the self beyond understanding sustain the self with the self† (3rd:43)